The Mutapa state had a complex relationship with the Portuguese. The main reason for this relationship was that the Mutapa needed guns and cannon to defeat his sub-rulers who were constantly rebelling against him. Several less powerful chiefs were increasing their power by acquiring guns or asking for Portuguese assistance. 

The Portuguese, on the other hand, were interested in establishing trade relations with the Mutapa state. They traded in gold, ivory, copper, salt, and other valuable commodities with merchants from as far away as Arabia and India. The Portuguese also provided guns and ammunition to the Mutapa rulers in exchange for gold and other valuable commodities.

However, this relationship was not always smooth. There were frequent conflicts between the Portuguese and the Mutapa rulers over issues such as trade regulations and control of resources. The Portuguese also tried to convert the Mutapa rulers to Christianity, which was resisted by many of them.

Overall, while there were benefits to both sides in their relationship, it was often marked by conflict and tension due to competing interests and cultural differences.

March 30, 2023

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