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The Zulu state under Tshaka was characterized by a highly centralized political organization with Tshaka as the supreme ruler. Tshaka was known as the "Inkosi" or king of the Zulu people.
Tshaka's rule was based on a system of military conquest and control. He reorganized the Zulu army into regiments, each of which was led by a commander appointed by Tshaka himself. The regiments were organized according to age and experience, with younger soldiers serving as reserves and older soldiers serving as mentors.
Tshaka also established a system of tribute collection from conquered peoples, which helped to increase his wealth and power. He used this wealth to build up his military forces and expand his territory through conquest.
The Zulu state under Tshaka was highly authoritarian, with little room for dissent or opposition. Tshaka's word was law, and he had the power to punish or execute anyone who disobeyed him.
Overall, the political organization of the Zulu state under Tshaka was characterized by a highly centralized system of military control with Tshaka as the supreme ruler.